ICT Lab - Basics
Logic Gates
AND Gate (∧)
| A | B | Output |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 |
Binary & Decimal Converter
Networking Basics
IP Address
A unique numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.
Example: 192.168.1.1 (IPv4), or 2001:0db8:85a3::8a2e:0370:7334 (IPv6)
An IP address consists of two parts: the network part and the host part.
Subnet Mask
Defines which portion of an IP address refers to the network and which part refers to the host (device).
Example Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Subnet masks allow the segmentation of a network into smaller subnetworks (subnets).
Classful Subnets:
- Class A: 255.0.0.0 (Supports 16 million hosts)
- Class B: 255.255.0.0 (Supports 65,000 hosts)
- Class C: 255.255.255.0 (Supports 254 hosts)
Router
A device that forwards data packets between computer networks, creating an overlay internetwork.
Routers manage traffic between different networks by forwarding data packets to their intended IP addresses.
They often perform NAT (Network Address Translation) to allow multiple devices on a local network to share a single public IP address.
DNS (Domain Name System)
Translates human-readable domain names (like example.com) into IP addresses that computers use to identify each other.
DNS servers maintain a directory of domain names and translate them to IP addresses upon request.
Example: When you enter google.com, DNS translates it to its IP address like 172.217.10.46.